SALIM MOHAMED OMRAAN, Mabroukh; SAKEB, Abduladim. The Historical Paradigm Shift in Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Trauma, Infection Rates, Operative Efficiency, and Recovery Kinetics Across Conventional, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Eras. EuroScience Journal of Technological Innovation (ESJTI) , Libya, v. 2, n. 1, p. 23–27, 2026. DOI: 10.64943/esjti2026.020104. Disponível em: https://easrjournals.com/index.php/esjti/article/view/114. Acesso em: 20 sep. 2026.