Elegies for Cities and Kingdoms in Andalusian Poetry: A Study in Historical and Artistic Dimensions

The phenomenon of lamenting cities and kingdoms in Andalusian poetry constitutes a literary and historical record documenting moments of civilizational decline in Andalusia. The study revealed that this art form intertwined geographical dimensions, which documented the landmarks of the land, with historical dimensions, which recorded the collapse of states. The symbolic value of cities emerged as an "objective correlative" for lost identity, with poets using images of beautiful places to deepen the sense of tragedy, while the satire of certain cities reflected the moral and political ugliness that followed the fall. This lamentation represents the emotional memory that immortalized Andalusia as a lost paradise and established the concept of "literature of calamities" as a tool for intellectual resistance and preserving history from erasure and oblivion.